Closed-loop administration of propofol for the control of hypnosis in anesthesia has evidenced an outperformance when comparing it with manual administration in terms of drug consumption and post-operative recovery of patients. Unlike other systems, the success of this strategy lies on the availability of a feedback variable capable of quantifying the current hypnotic state of the patient. However, the appearance of anomalies during the anesthetic process may result in inaccurate actions of the automatic controller. These anomalies may come from the (...) monitors, the syringe pumps, the actions of the surgeon or even from alterations in patients. This could produce adverse side effects that can affect the patient postoperative and reduce the safety of the patient in the operating room. Then, the use of anomaly detection techniques plays a significant role to avoid this undesirable situations. This work assesses different one-class intelligent techniques to detect anomalies in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Due to the difficulty of obtaining real data from anomaly situations, artificial outliers are generated to check the performance of each classifier. The final model presents successful performance. (shrink)

While the Catalan independence movement (henceforth, CIM) has received much academic attention, one key aspect remains theoretically and empirically understudied: what role did populism play in the...

Resumen Desde una visión de fe, la comunión supone la posibilidad de que la existencia criatural participe, por la gracia, de la comunión divina trinitaria. El presente artículo, ubicado en el ámbito de la teología bíblica, busca aportar a la reflexión teológica sistemática a través del rastreo sobre el modo como “la realidad comunional” ha sido percibida, comprendida y expresada por parte del hombre bíblico por medio del recurso a imágenes tomadas de su experiencia histórica y cotidiana. Tales imágenes son, (...) principalmente, la unidad orgánica del cuerpo, la unión esponsal y la mesa compartida.From a faith perspective, communion supposes the possibility that the existence of the creature could be part, through the grace, of Trinitarian divine communion. This article, located in the field of the biblical theology, seeks to contribute to the systematic theological reflection by probing about the way as the “reality of communion” has been perceived, understood, and expressed by the biblical man using images taken from historical and everyday experience. Such images are, mainly, the organic unity of the body, the spousal union, and the shared table. (shrink)

Se propone una reconstrucción del pensamiento filosófico judío del siglo XX que privilegie su condición de judío. Partiendo de una cuádruple referencia (Cohen, Rosenzweig, Buber y Lévinas) y adoptando como hilo conductor las experiencias centrales del monoteísmo bíblico, el novedoso discurso de esos cuatro pensadores es articulado en torno a cinco grandes núcleos temáticos: pluralidad y relación ; heteronomía ; lenguaje ; autonomía ; ética y religión.

Thomas Sebeok es reconocido por ser el principal fundador de la biosemiótica, doctrina interdisciplinaria en la que la semiótica y la biología se cruzan para comprender a los vivientes como seres de semiosis, es decir, capaces de producir e interpretar signos. De acuerdo con sus afirmaciones, su proyecto teórico se sostiene principalmente sobre dos pilares: la semiótica de Charles Sanders Pierce y la biología de Jakob von Uexküll. No obstante, esto no excluye otras influencias, como la de uno de los (...) hijos de Uexküll, Thure. En esto texto se explora esta línea de influencia teórica en la obra sebeokena, esto es, la de los dos Uexküll. Por un lado, la doctrina del mundo circundante (Umweltlehre) de Jakob le permite a Sebeok comenzar a comprender procesos semiósicos no verbales más allá de lo humano, en plantas y animales. Por otro lado, la propuesta endosemiótica de Thure, que ve en la célula la unidad mínima de semiosis, le ayuda a Sebeok a extender el campo de estudio de la biosemiótica a todo lo vivo. Con ello, Sebeok logra comprender finalmente los mundos circundantes de los seres vivos como modelos semiósicos de lo real, esto es, como modelos fenoménicos y significativos constituidos subjetivamente por medio de signos. Esto implica la asunción de tesis idealistas, heredadas del trascendentalismo kantiano, que implican algunas consecuencias filosóficas que se analizan hacia el final del trabajo. (shrink)

How do nuclear technologies become commonplace? How have the borders between the exceptional and the banal been drawn and redrawn over the last 70 years in order to make nuclear energy part of everyday life? This special issue analyzes the role of fun and display, broadly construed, in shaping the cultural representation and the material circulation (or non-circulation) of nuclear technologies. Four case studies, covering the United States, Great Britain, Portugal, Spain, and Ukraine from the 1950s to the 2000s, explore (...) how specific forms of public display and playful practices of cultural production were used as means to banalize (or de-banalize) nuclear energy. This introduction addresses the main theoretical and historiographical signposts of the special issue and outlines the different ways in which the articles explore them. (shrink)

En este texto ofrezco una interpretación de la metafórica idea de la epigénesis de la razón que Immanuel Kant introduce en el §27 de la Crítica de la razón pura en su segunda edición. Tal interpretación se hace a la luz de la teoría racial kantiana, valiéndome de ella para explicar el carácter de espontaneidad de las categorías del entendimiento (como condiciones de la experiencia) en analogía con la explicación kantiana sobre el origen de las razas humanas. Para ello explico (...) a lo largo del artículo tres cosas: 1) que hay que entender tal metáfora dentro del objetivo de la deducción trascendental de las categorías, 2) que dicha metáfora refiere a la coincidencia entre conceptos y experiencia, y 3) que Kant defiende una idea de epigénesis con connotaciones preformacionistas desde su interés por el origen de las razas humanas. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza la vinculación entre la acción colectiva de las naciones originarias de Norteamérica y la revisión crítica del pasado americano. Describe el enfoque estigmatizador proyectado por la historiografía decimonónica hasta bien avanzado el siglo XX. Considera al movimiento por los derechos civiles de los años sesenta como la etapa matricial de la conciencia histórica india. Destaca el rol de las organizaciones militantes nativas que, fundadas en una visión alternativa y crítica del pasado, llevaron a cabo un conjunto de (...) iniciativas encaminadas a la emancipación y autogobierno de los pueblos ancestrales. Estas acciones fueron decisivas para la construcción de una memoria de la resistencia de los pueblos nativos de Norteamérica. (shrink)

«Palabra de Dios» no se dice sólo con referencia a las Sagradas Escrituras; Jesucristo es la Palabra de Dios por antonomasia frente a la cual las demás expresiones de Palabra de Dios, incluyendo la Biblia, lo serán en sentido análogo y dependiente. Esto significa que tras la hermenéutica bíblica cristiana subyace la fe cristológica, de tal modo que lo que se predica de la naturaleza de la Sagrada Escritura, Palabra de Dios puesta por escrito, sea consecuencia directa de lo que (...) se predica de Jesucristo, Palabra de Dios encarnada. Ello, además de incidir en la vida y la fe del creyente, tiene importantes implicaciones epistemológicas, metodológicas y práxicas para la hermenéutica bíblica hoy. «Word of God» doesn’t onlj refer to the Holj Scaptures; Jesús Christ is the Word of God par excellence against which all other expressions of God’s Word, including the Bible, are anahgous and dependent. This means that behind Christian biblical hermeneutics lies faith in Christ, so that what is preached on the nature of the Holj Scripture, the written Word of God, is directlj dependent on what is preached about Jesús Christ, the Word of God incarnate. This, besides influencing the ufe and faith of the beüever, has important epistemological, methodological and practical consequences for current biblical hermeneutics. (shrink)

La condición de discapacidad es una realidad antropológica que no sólo afecta la integridad biológica de los individuos que la padecen sino también su interacción social y hasta su experiencia religiosa. Como una vía de aproximación a dicha realidad, el presente artículo propone un marco histórico-literario que permita comprender el trasfondo teológico de dos situaciones de discapacidad concretas, la ceguera y la sordera, a través de un estudio sobre tales condiciones en las tradiciones bíblicas y extra-bíblicas y en la literatura (...) judía y greco-romana contemporánea a la redacción del Nuevo Testamento. The disability condition is an anthropological reality that affects not only the biological integrity of the individuals who suffer it but also their social interaction and even their religious experience. As a way of approach to such reality, this article proposes a historical and literary framework which leads to understand the theological background of two disabilities situations in specific, blindness and deafness, throughout a study about such conditions on the biblical and extra-biblical traditions and on the Jewish and Greco-Roman literature contemporary to the New Testament redaction. (shrink)

The Handbook of Bioethical Decisions is aimed at addressing and analyzing the most important ethical concerns and moral quandaries arisen in biomedical and scientific research. As such, it identifies and problematizes on a comprehensive range of ethical issues researchers must deal with in different critical contexts. Thus, the Handbook, Vol. I, may be helpful for them to make decisions and deliberate in complex practical scenarios. In this fashion, the volume reunites different points of view to give readers room enough to (...) get a better knowledge and take their own position on pressing bioethical issues of the day. Consequently, this work seeks to engender dense ethical epistemology scientists can count on when conducting latest generation biomedical research. By bringing together an impressive array of contributions on the most important elements and categories for “at the bench” bioethical decisions as well as offering chapters by some of the most world renowned and prominent experts in bioethics, the Handbook, Vol. I, is a paradigmatic text in its area and a valuable resource for courses on bioethics, and biomedical research, as well as courses that discuss ethics and the biosciences at different professional levels, biomedical industry, pharmacological companies and the public sphere in general. (shrink)

The Handbook of Bioethical Decisions Volume II addresses and analyzes the most important ethical concerns and moral quandaries related to scientific integrity and institutional ethics. It counts on two parts, Part One: Research Ethics, which addresses issues related to Scientific Integrity, Research Misconduct and Conducting Ethical Research, and Part Two: Institutional Ethics and Bioethics Committees, which explores Institutional Ethics issues, Ethics and Bioethics Committees’ roles and scopes, and Bioethical Issues in Institutional Ethics. Consequently, the Handbook, Vol. II, offers a remarkable (...) collection of works by outstanding international experts on institutional and research ethics, in order for bioethics practitioners to obtain better elements to address key issues related to integrity in research as well as to decision-making processes. In this fashion, this volume is a valuable resource for professionals working on different bioethical and biomedical fields, such as, ethics and bioethics committees, health care institutions, biomedical and pharmacological companies, and academic settings, among others. Chapter 26 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. (shrink)

This paper examines the influence of internal barriers on the relationship between the organizational capability of stakeholder integration and proactive environmental strategies. We adopt a moderate hierarchical regression model to test the hypotheses using data from a sample of 73 managers in the business education industry. The paper contributes to stakeholder theory by showing that stakeholder integration positively influences the development of proactive environmental strategies when managers perceive internal barriers to the development of such strategies. This article also explores an (...) ethical dilemma—managers may use the stakeholder integration capability to support their own interests rather than to benefit stakeholders. (shrink)

The general properties of measurements in microphysics are studied and the three types of probabilities that, according to the authors, appear in wave mechanics are set up. Such a distinction, together with the principle of the localization of the corpuscle as was laid down at the very introduction of the theory of the double solution, provides a good grasp of certain phenomena whose explanation according to the usual theory (which makes no use of permanent localization and where the three types (...) of probabilities are intermingled) leads to paradoxical or self-contradictory situations. (shrink)

August Weismann proposed that genetic changes in somatic cells cannot pass to germ cells and hence to next generations. Nevertheless, evidence is accumulating that some environmental effects can promote heritable changes in the DNA of germ cells, which implies that some somatic influence on germ line is possible. This influence is mostly detrimental and related to the presence of oxidative stress, which induces mutations and epigenetic changes. This effect should be stronger in males due to the particular characteristics of sperm. (...) Here, we propose the hypothesis that females are able to avoid males with oxidatively damaged DNA in the germ line by using oxidative‐dependent (pre‐ and post‐mating) signals. This new hypothesis may shed light on unsolved questions in evolutionary biology, such as the benefits of polyandry, the lek paradox, or the role of sexual selection on the evolution of aging. BioEssays 30:1212–1219, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Smart grids are designed to revolutionize the energy sector by creating a smarter, more efficient and reliable power supply network. The rise of smart grids is a response to the need for a more comprehensive and sophisticated energy system that caters to the needs of homes and businesses. Key features of smart grids include the integration of renewable energy sources, decentralized generation and advanced distribution networks. At the heart of smart grids is a sophisticated metering system, consisting of intelligent electronic (...) devices that measure energy consumption and enable two-way communication between the utility company and the consumer. The information exchanged via these devices is critical, as it includes sensitive data such as energy consumption patterns and billing information. With the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0, the security of this information is of utmost importance. This paper delves into the security challenges faced by advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and highlights the crucial role played by cryptography in ensuring the secure exchange of sensitive information. Cryptographic protocols such as encryption, authentication and digital signatures are essential components of a secure smart grid infrastructure. These protocols work together to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of the information exchanged between the utility company and the consumer. (shrink)

Eduardo Charpenel Elorduy y Dulce María Granja Castro. “El ideal de la paz perpetua en Rousseau y Kant.” Signos filosóficos 16.31 (2014): 37-62.

El objetivo fundamental del presente artículo es la configuración de una constelación de ficciones delirantes en la literatura latinoamericana contemporánea, a partir de la conceptualización del delirio literario y el análisis del proceso de construcción del relato delirante. Dado que, algunos narradores latinoamericanos despliegan ficciones delirantes en nuestros días, y existe un amplio número de casos, en donde el delirio se evidencia en la literatura de nuestro continente, autores como: Mario Bellatin, Roberto Bolaño, Rita Indiana Hernández, Horacio Castellanos Moya, Cristina (...) Rivera Garza, entre otros. Por consiguiente, se centrará la atención en la creación de una base crítica para la interpretación del delirio de algunos personajes de la literatura latinoamericana contemporánea, como un constructo cultural que transgrede el orden social, y es asumido como resistencia y articulación de una praxis creativa. (shrink)

The following study departs from the lecture, entitled “Creative thinking”, delivered by Claude Shannon in 1952 at the Bell Laboratories. This paper includes an interpretive and critical account of the necessary conditions, as well as the desirable procedures, which must be satisfied in the scientific and technological invention, within the frame of the so-called scientist’s spontaneous philosophy.

El trabajo ofrece los requerimientos teórico-metodológicos para el desarrollo de habilidades en la obtención de información científica. Se parte del análisis teórico de la información como proceso y resultado de la interacción del sujeto con su realidad y de asumir las habilidades para obtener información científica dentro de las habilidades informativas que pueden potencialmente trabajarse a la luz de las diferentes disciplinas académicas. Finalmente se brindan los fundamentos metodológicos para la implementación de los procedimientos propuestos desde el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje (...) en estudiantes universitarios, encaminados a sistematizar las operaciones de estas habilidades genéricas comunes a toda profesión. The work offers the theoretical-methodological requirements for the development of skills in the obtaining of scientific information. It begins with the theoretical analysis of the information as a process and result of the interaction of the subject with the reality and of assuming the skills to obtain scientific information as a part of the informative skills which can be potentially worked by the light of the different academic disciplines. Finally the methodological foundations are offered for the implementation of the procedures proposed from the teaching-learning process in university students, guided to systematize the operations of these generic skills that are common to any profession. (shrink)

¿Es el Antropoceno una nueva época geológica? La discusión está abierta científica y profesionalmente, lo que acentúa aún más la cuestión de su alcance cultural -teórico y práctico- difícilmente asumible bajo un único concepto que reúna todas las ramificaciones de dicha denominación. Este trabajo intenta proporcionar, desde un punto de vista filosófico, un campo semántico para «Antropoceno» que ayude a ordenar y comprender la vastísima literatura existente al día de hoy.

En el presente artículo hago un resumen de «Esas Indias equivocadas y malditas» de Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio. La principal idea que desarrolla es que el discurso de los conquistadores, y hasta la actualidad muchos historiadores, legitimaba la conquista de América en nombre de la religión, de la civilización o del progreso; por ello, todo el dolor de las «naciones indias» estaría justificado por su incorporación a la historia universal. A continuación, presento los comentarios hechos por Juan Antonio Ruescas Juárez, (...) María del Mar Ramírez Alvarado y por Francisco Castilla Urbano a ese texto ferlosiano. Finalmente, concluyo con unas reflexiones personales sobre el texto de Sánchez Ferlosio. (shrink)

In Nietzschean thought there is a permanent tension between culture and life; both move, many times, in contradictory directions. According to Nietzsche, culture always wins, because it has the Apollonian dimension on its part, that is, that defined, clear, refined way in which it is expressed, understands and transmits what is narrated. The beautiful form is just a way of appearing from the deeply transcendental; it is the tip of a gigantic iceberg called life. Nietzsche is a vitalist thinker, committed (...) to human expression, consisting of wanting, for love of oneself, the same thing that life wants, that is, directing its actions toward the suspension of judgments about the most convenient, most appropriate, politically correct, forms of cutural life. Childhood has an abundance of life pushing to get out--it is the Dionysian latency that does not want to succumb to the Apollonian commitment; it is life without a name, the force that devastates the encystment of form. It is life and childhood in tension, a childhood we think we know and at the same time a childhood that will never match those names we give it. Frequently the impulse for capture and closure mobilizes our adult interest, we approach childhood by naming and assigning roles, we are shaping the account we give of it. The impulse is converted into a pulse, a cadence, a recording, a ticking; Cronos appears, being acquires a permanent form, becoming gradually fades away. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to show that every form of knowledge, even scientific knowledge, is linked with the personal existence that effectuates it. We offer a map of the different schools of Interdisciplinarity attending to an anthropological criterion. To this end, a map of the various schools of interdisciplinarity is offered according to an anthropological criterion, where the persistence of a partial and reductive approach to human knowledge in various modalities is generally detected. The consequence of this way (...) of understanding knowledge is firstly the fragmentation of reality, but also of social life and above all of human existence itself. Thus, the need for a theory of interdiscipline is discovered, that not only transcends the epistemological approach, but also that of action and its ontological dimension. We propose that this expansion is achieved through a radical interdiscipline anchored in personal existence. (shrink)

El antiguo convento del Carmen calzado de Sevilla fue uno de los edificios religioso más paradigmáticos de su ciudad. No ya sólo por sus dimensiones o por el enorme patrimonio artístico que llegó a albergar (del que hoy nos queda in situ sólo buena parte de su arquitectura), sino también por su amplio significado devocional. En él llegaron a establecerse en el s. XVI y hasta el s. XIX numerosas hermandades y cofradías. En este artículo no se pretende simplemente resumir (...) la historia de dichas corporaciones durante ese periodo carmelitano, sino ahondar en sus relaciones con respecto a los frailes que los acogían, y reflexionar sobre el estrecho paralelismo que hubo entre la evolución y posterior decadencia de esta comunidad religiosa con respecto a esas hermandades. (shrink)

Wilhelm Ostwald, Ernst Mach y Pierre Duhem se encuentran entre los más relevantes críticos del atomismo de finales del siglo XIX. Repasamos y analizamos los argumentos que aducen dichos autores para oponerse a la concepción atomista de la materia. Mostramos cómo esos argumentos surgen de posiciones filosóficas de fondo sobre el fundamento de la naturaleza, el objeto de la ciencia y el papel de la metafísica. Comparamos dichas posiciones filosóficas. Y enmarcamos la crítica del atomismo en el problema epistemológico más (...) general de la explicación para mostrar la tensión entre explicación y experiencia, y su relación con la metafísica. (shrink)

Many philosophers endorse “exclusionism”, the view that no instance of relearning qualifies as a case of genuine remembering, and vice versa. Appealing to simulationist, distributed causalist, and trace minimalist theories of remembering, I develop three conditional arguments against exclusionism. First, if simulationism is right to hold that some cases of remembering involve reliance on post-event testimonial information, then remembering does not exclude relearning. Second, if distributed causalism is right to hold that memory traces are promiscuous, then remembering does not exclude (...) relearning. Finally, if trace minimalism is right to hold that vicarious experiences sometimes produce the minimal traces that ground remembering, then remembering does not exclude relearning. While advocates of these theories might incorporate additional conditions designed to accommodate exclusionism, the only reason they can appeal to in favor of doing so is intuition: neither the fundamental components of the theories nor the empirical results on which they are based provide a reason to endorse exclusionism. An investigation of exclusionism thus raises metaphilosophical questions, so far overlooked in philosophy of memory, about the appropriate role of intuition in theorizing about remembering. (shrink)

El artículo, con base en un argumento de Michel Foucault: la vigencia –desde el siglo XVIII hasta hoy- de las estrategias liberales del poder para el gobierno de la población, hace una reflexión sobre la escuela actual. Argumenta que la democracia, en cuanto concreción visible de esas estrategias de poder, comporta procesos específicos en la escuela que son nombrados aquí, provisionalmente, como el tránsito desde una escuela disciplinada hasta otra conflictiva, violenta, terapéutica y falta de autoridad, es decir, indisciplinada. Pero, (...) y es el argumento fundamental, en la actualidad, más que invocar mayores cotas de libertad y de democracia para la escuela, se requiere reconocer las formas de sujeción de ese liberalismo democrático, y con ello, tal vez, proponer otras formas de estar en la escuela y en la sociedad. (shrink)